Micro Biotechnology Tools for Wastewater Treatment and Organic Solids Reduction

Abstract

Bio-solids contain organic materials and fertilizing elements that are important for the preservation of soil fertility. Nevertheless, treated sewage, and bio-solids include a wide range of pathogens which are transmitted directly or indirectly to the atmosphere and infect humans. The wastewater treatment can be done by the process of bioremediation. Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to deplete or reduce the hazardous waste levels on the polluted sites. There are several uses for bio-treatment systems, such as water, soil, sludge and streams for the cleaning of polluted sites. Rapid industrialization, urban planning, intensive agricultural activities and other human activities in all sectors of agriculture have led to land degradation, environmental pollution and a decrease in the crop productivity. Human activities have increased the pressure on the natural resources, making it a source of countless pollutants. Many technologies were developed, but more often these processes produce additional, environment-friendly pollutants again. One of the most important strategies for removing organic pollutants from wastewater in wastewater treatment plants is the biodegradation of contaminants or pollutants by harnessing the micro-organisms present in the active sludge. This strategy however is constrained by the absence of successful removal of many contaminants. This method was tested with promising results for cleaning wastewater, but failures were also recorded, in particular during the scale-up.